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Terrorism
TERRORISM 101
Recognizing and Responding to Terrorists - and to Terrorism
Joel Edward Gross
August 29, 2007 (19:08:43 EST)
"We have the right to kill four million Americans - two million of the children - and to exile twice as many and wound and cripple hundreds of thousands."
- Suleiman Abu Ghaith, Spokesman for Osama bin Laden, May, 2002
"They will return to continue to evaluate and assess this location, test its security, and eventually find a weak spot and exploit it. They will then attack and level it - completely. No one understands their commitment to our destruction. This will probably occur 1999-2000. I hope to not be around at that time."
- Joel Edward Gross, Adjunct Faculty, Jersey City State College, Security Management and Administration, Saturday Semester, Fall 1993, regarding the 1993 attack on the World Trade Center.
Introduction
This paper focuses on Middle Eastern terrorists, a group of homicidal maniacs dedicated to heinous and barbarous acts of killing, maiming, torturing, raping and intimidating children, women and men, and committed to the violent overthrow of the United States of America in the name of their "god".
Go online and get your own facts. Do your own research. Find sources of information other than mainstream newspapers. Seek facts, not politically-oriented self-serving distortions. Look at photographs, watch videos, talk with veterans returning from Iraq. Look at everything in the resources at the end of this paper. Do something.
While the characteristics of these "people" are applicable to other terrorist organizations, some of whom call themselves "Americans", the Middle Eastern terrorist, or Islamofascist, as they have come to be known, is the primary target of this article.
The reader is cautioned that this paper is not directed towards all Muslims, most of whom are honest, decent hard-working people who are happy to be living in a free country where they can live and worship in peace, raise families, be Americans.
This paper is written to encourage personal awareness and to use that awareness to observe, record and report suspicious activity to those who are charged with protecting the United States and its citizens from harm.
This means to report it to local law enforcement. Hopefully they are part of a national strategy and intelligence structure. And hopefully that whoever answers the telephone knows what to do. If you see something that needs reporting, report it to other agencies at the local, state and national levels. Redundancy is good. And keep good records.
Homeland Security uses various colors to portray various stages of awareness. We disagree with this approach because it is after the fact. It is not proactive!
You, the reader, should look at terrorism as a very real, constant everday threat, as a clear and present danger to you, your family, friends, neighbors, co-workers and to your Country.
The color for you is always RED! It is not yellow, orange or green. Beginning this very day, it is and will always be, RED. Further, you should be training your family, friends and employees based on what you find here, and elsewhere. You should do this NOW - not later! It will be too late if you wait.
You must train yourself and others to be CONSTANTLY AWARE, sensitive to what is going on around them, to create good security habits. Good habits save lives.
Bad habits will kill you and others. And if you are unfortunate enough, you will be forced to watch others, including little children, suffer gruesome torture, rape, dismemberment and death. These are the terrorists, they will tell you they will not harm you, they will promise you peace.
Be prepared for others' bad habits. Don't associate with those with bad habits. Their behavior indicates they care nothing for themselves, so why would they care about you or your family. Why would you want to associate with such people? AWARENESS is key! BE AWARE!
Semper Vigilantia - Semper Paratus
Always Aware - Always Prepared
It is very difficult to defend against homicide bombers. BUT, knowing how to prepare yourself and others on awareness and response will ensure that you develop good habits and survival skills, with life instead of death.
Avoiding and surviving bomb attacks is the most difficult part. If you don't pay attention and teach others, you face the possibility of lost limbs, paralysis, blindness, disfigurement, scars, and the inability to function, to work, to care for yourself or your family.
Terrorists have plenty of practice observing, recording, reporting and planning, as they have been here in the U.S. for years, conducting intelligence operations and sharing their findings with other like-ilk. Anyone who says differently is from another planet or in denial.
The current political environment is supportive of terrorists, as is the lack of resolve of the American public to take a stand to protect their way of life. None of this is lost on terrorists.
To survive as a nation we need resolve - not weakness, not talk, not rhetoric. We need people willing to take action!
A typical homicide bomber wants to kill as many people as possible and maim many more. One bomber can carry enough explosives on their body, in a vest, suitcase or other package, to kill or maim everyone on a bus, train or subway car, or if on foot, most people within a 50 foot radius.
An explosion chart with distances is attached. As you will note, the explosion distances include the use of vehicles (VBIED). The chart was obtained from the National CounterTerrorism Center. Incidentally, this paper is not the final authority. You can and should do your own research, and then draw your own conclusions.
The ability to intimidate, create an atmosphere of fear is paramount to a terrorist, and they feel that this is best achieved through their use of homicide bombers. Notice, however, that they send others and not themselves to die and kill others.
Some general steps that you can take to protect yourself and your family, friends, associates include the following:
- Avoid, where possible, those targets as outlined in this paper. Be alert, stay alert, be aware, and avoid areas having the densest number of people.
- Avoid large groups of people at entrances or exits, and wait until the number of people lessens.
- Always look for something that will shelter you from an explosion, something that stands between you and the bomber that would deflect shrapnel and flying objects.
- Stay away from large expanses of glass. Do not sit next to a window at a popular restaurant, night club or other entertainment area. The glass becomes tiny shards that act like razors and will shred your flesh and penetrate your eyes, face and body turning you into finely sliced meat.
- Maintain a distance of 18" from any wall - elbow room - from the tip of your fingers to your elbow. (It's called a "cubit" in the Bible).
Know Your Enemy
You should know your enemy - who they are, what they intend to do and how they are going to do it! You should also understand a few things about them.
First of all, they are not your friends, and are definitely not people with whom you can reason. They are not to be studied and understood by you, except as an enemy bent on your destruction or enslavement.
The only thing that you have to understand about them is that they are your sworn enemy. They are committed to killing you, your family and friends, your employees, your company and your nation. One does not discuss philosophy with irrational psychopaths whose only purpose in life is to totally destroy anyone or anything in their path, anything that opposes them.
They are liars, rapists, murderers, thieves, torturers, perverts, grievous harmers who rape, kill and maim little children and the defenseless, the poor, the already-oppressed, and their own people.
Keep in mind that they enjoy it. There is no good found in them. None. They do all of this because of their "god".
History of Homicidal Bombers
In a civilized and a lawful society, suicide is the killing one's self, homicide is killing of others.
A terrorist bomber commits homicide - not suicide! Their intent is to kill others by having their bodies serve as a vehicle of mass murder and even better, carnage - the more gruesome, the better. Genocide is an even better way.
Homicide bombing is not a new concept. It has a sordid history.
Hezbollah, (they are still here in the USA and supported by their friends) are the Iran-sponsored terrorist group which was the vanguard of modern "suicide bombers". You may remember them as those who in April, 1983, killed 64 U.S. embassy workers in Beirut, Lebanon. Later on that year, in October, they murdered 240 Marines and civilians in a compound near Beirut.
These bomb attacks were considered to be so successful that "suicide-bombings" became the terror tactic adopted worldwide. Today's terrorist organizations continue to recruit young men (and increasingly young women) as explosive devices.
Every day, in every media, you read, see and hear about these people who slaughter their own people indiscriminately - men, women, and children. Of course, they use other methods to accomplish fear. These include terrible torture, dismemberment and rape of children, women and men to accomplish their goal of world domination and/or extermination.
The gruesome acts done to captured Americans and other nationalities were never fully reported, for whatever reason - probably political.
According to intelligence reports, the best-selling book in Iran, and more recently Turkey, is Mein Kampf. This says much about the mindset of the culture and what they want to introduce here and around the world.
And if you think that their hatred is directed solely towards Jews, take a long hard look at the brutal torture and murder of Christians.
The most recent occurred in Afghanistan with the brutal murder of a Chinese pastor and other members of his group who were on a mercy mission to the Afghan people. Another, a young Coptic Christian family in Jersey City, New Jersey, was slaughtered "as sheep", in a way these Islamofascists had threatened. They harassed them incessantly, then broke in and cut the throats of the father, his wife and two young children. They probably made the father watch his family die.
You must take action NOW to protect yourself and your loved ones. You must help others become aware so that they, too, can protect themselves and their families. You should band together with others for self-protection.
You will probably be on your own, as it appears that the government will not be able to help you, for a variety of reasons, mostly political. Those in a position to help are few and spread thin, fighting on many fronts. And you face a woefully ignorant, self-absorbed population focused solely on ME, ME, it's all about ME.
Recognizing a Homicide Bomber
The recent incidents in London and Scotland indicate the types of attacks that are being planned and carried out.
You are the target of terrorists who hide explosives on their bodies in vests, carry them in bags or suitcases, or deliver them personally by bicycle, motorcycle, motor scooter, cars and trucks.
The certainty of the type of homicide attack that should be expected shortly here in the US can be illustrated by the history of Middle East homicide attacks. There are three key things you must know:
1. Generally speaking, a U.S.-based homicide bomber would most likely be an Islamic fundamentalist, either from al-Qaeda or a Palestinian extremist group (Hamas, Hezbollah, etc.).
There are also others who call themselves American, but have the same aims as these terrorist groups. They, too, seek to kill, wound and maim, but their hatred anger is directed mostly at the government and government installations and personnel - unless you get in the way.
Current intelligence information indicates that they have formed an alliance with al-Qaeda that is based on their common hatred of Jews (and Catholics, Blacks, other Whites, Christians, the Old, etc.).
Not all Muslims are deranged fundamentalists. You can spot the deranged ones by reading further.
2. The degree of difficulty with creating a bomb, scouting a location, and planning an attack would require that a U.S.-based homicide bomber will most likely have associates working with them. The will probably not work alone.
3. The primary target of a homicide bomber would probably involve a highly populated structure at a well-known, public area. The al-Qaeda training manuals advise homicide bombers and terrorists to attack stadiums. The Palestinian terrorist organizations prefer buses, trains, restaurants and shopping areas. Peak hours are preferable to the terrorist, for obvious reasons.
Other "desirable" locations would be subways along with other areas of large gatherings such as at malls, stadiums, churches or temples and other areas where crowds congregate. Those likely targets include restaurants, discos, casinos, nightclubs, movie theaters, schools and universities.
While the U.S. Department of Homeland Security published that there is "no specific profile for those who have engaged in suicide/homicide bombings", Israel has taken an opposite stance, one with which we agree. Israel has experienced 300-plus bombings since 1993 with 242 of them since 2000. They developed a general profile of a homicide bomber as follows:
* Most are males between 17-23 years of age, Lately, however, women, children and older men have been recruited for homicide bombing missions;
* 32% have at least a high school education, more than 25% have some college background;
* They participate in months of indoctrination and when ready for their assigned mission are in a "hypnotic state", believing that their mission will open heaven's gates;
* The majority are unmarried, some have have spouses and children.
WHAT TO LOOK FOR
Most of the homicide bombers in Israel are Arab males, 18 to 22 years old, with women and older people becoming more commonplace as bombers.
In America, this would probably be called "profiling" and is illegal, in spite of the rationale. As a side note, more terrorist recruits are coming from varied backgrounds, including those being released from U.S. prisons and professionals like engineers, doctors and teachers. This will make our lives a little more difficult.
The homicide bomber will attempt to appear "normal" and in "today's fashion". However, there are certain characteristics found in the homicide bomber specifically, and in terrorists in general. These behaviors are not common just to terrorists, but when used in conjunction with other indicators, increase the possibility of identifying a terrorist. These are:
* The bomber may appear to be upset, nervous, very focused and unaware of their surroundings. The closer they get to the target, the more nervous, apprehensive or really focused they become. They may pick up walking speed, muttering more rapidly to themselves.
* Use of a jacket, shirt, or other bulky or loosely-fitting covering will be used to disguise an explosive vest. The person may appear overweight, but their face will seem thinner than normally found on an overweight person.
* A heavy jacket on a warm day is suspicious. A jacket or other garment that appears to have been reinforced, have unusual gathers in the sewn areas or unusual stitching is suspicious. There may also be wiring, electronic or electrical devices attached to the clothing. If you see this, get out, get away, call the police and give them the location and description.
* Being accompanied by someone else who may talk a lot to the bomber and who appears to be giving them encouragement or support. The bomber will generally will say nothing, or appear anxious, appears fixated, blank expression and staring straight ahead.
* During their conversation, the bomber may clutch his/her chest, fold their arms over their chest, or perform other unusual activity while seemingly fixated on nothing or stare straight ahead and nod with a vacant look. When that someone leaves, the bomber may clutch a bag, suitcase, briefcase or other container to their chest, or fold their arms tightly over their chest as they prepare to detonate.
* The bomber may be uncomfortable and probably pay close attention to one side or an area of their body, doing things like adjusting their clothing, waistband, sleeves or other clothing, touching their body or clothing as if to verify that their equipment is still there.
If you are an employer or use security personnel, train them to observe people and how they act, especially when they are exiting a vehicle; how they adjust their clothing; and how they approach the building. In some instances, they may be in a vehicle sitting at a distance, observing, and then suddenly approaching a check point or the building. It may be a vehicle improvised explosive or it may be that they are testing themselves, timing themselves, preparing themselves.
If you are unsure of what you see, leave the area immediately. Observe, record, report!
Suspicious Activities
The most important first step in fighting terrorist and homicide bombers is awareness, on your part and that of your family, friends, associates and your employees.
Recognize and record normal activity for your neighborhood, your place of business, your home. You must use your experience, sensitivity, intuition, common sense and sound judgment. Your life and the lives of your family, friends, associates and employees require it.
If something is going on and appears to not be normal or outside the routine, and especially if it is frightening, contact your local police, FBI or Department of Homeland Security. Your real role is to observe, record and report.
Accurate information is imperative, descriptions and descriptors mandated. This means identifying possible persons involved, the nature of the situation, the specific location, vehicles involved (including license plates when possible). times of the day when activities are occurring, what raised your suspicions? Record exact times and dates you observed the activity, and comments about that/those activities you observed.
Note nervousness, discomfort, muttering (as if in prayer) as they enter, leave and then re-enter a building. Note someone who enters a building, notes the time, travels within the building and then leaves, looking at their watch. They may then meet with their associate and look back at the building, talk and then write something down.
Some criteria that could be considered as "suspicious" include the following. They may not always justify reporting and may not indicate terrorist activities, but they are certainly not routine.
Suspicious vehicles
* Welding marks that appear to enlarge certain areas of a vehicle, to expand the size of the vehicle trunk;
* Rear seat removed, tanks of some kind in the rear seat;
* Rear tires appear to be low in air (indicating heavy things in the trunk or rear of car);
* The rear of the vehicle appears to be weighed down, lower than the rest of the vehicle;
* Parked in a no-parking zone;
* Missing or forged license plates;
* Covered or taped windows/dark windows with other indicators;
* Rental vehicle;
* Drums, barrels, propane tanks, large containers in back seat.
Should you see the vehicle pull up, the driver and/or passenger(s) put something inside the car, and leave the area while acting nervously, he/she/they walk quickly while glancing back at the car or other vehicle, he/she/they are picked up by another car or the other car waited while they placed an object in the car, CONTACT THE POLICE with the location, description of the vehicle and what happened, what you saw. Then, GET OUT OF THE AREA, AWAY FROM WINDOWS AND THE WALL. GET LOW!
Surveillance
Surveillance is the most underrated tactic used by terrorists to select and prepare for their targets - and they are very good at it.
Unfortunately, counter-surveillance in this country remains a little-known and/or little-used tactic, with some rare exceptions in the special forces arena, with some law enforcement personnel and some government agents.
Surveillance is usually conducted by terrorists:
* On foot: usually two to four individuals working together;
* In a vehicle: bicycles, motor scooters, motorcycles, sport-utility vehicles, cars, trucks, boats or small aircraft.
Surveillance indicators are a person or persons:
* On foot, or vehicles in the same location on multiple occasions;
* In a parked car for an extended period of time;
* Who don't "fit" into the environment, appear out of place, have improper attire for the location;
* Drawing pictures or taking notes in an area not normally of interest to a tourist;
* Using cover stories for their activities, disguised as a beggar, demonstrator, shoe shiner, fruit or food vendor, street sweeper, or a newspaper delivery, flower vendor or pizza delivery, not previously recognized in the area;
* Videotaping, photographing or otherwise noting security cameras or guard locations;
* Showing an unusual or prolonged interest in security measures or personnel, entry points and access controls, or perimeter barriers such as fences or walls;
* Acting as an initiator of anonymous threats followed by their noticeably observing security reaction drills or procedures, questioning security or site personnel employees.
Requests for Information
You or someone else may receive information requests, some with cover stories about surveys, they are college students conducting research, police officers conducting security checks, Homeland Security and other explanations. The information they may seek include:
* Telephone requests about your security system, habits of your managers and executives, employment information, size of the company;
* Mail surveys dealing with the response times and habits of emergency personnel, police patrols (frequency and timing).
NEVER release sensitive information unless you know with whom you are speaking and that they have a real need to know. Don't accept at face value that the caller is a police officer or other member of a law enforcement organization.
Unusual Activities
An unusual Interest in what you would characterize as high risk or symbolic targets, including you, your own company or home, and any unusual activities that include surveillance (vans, cars that "hang around"); taking of photographs or videos; note-taking; drawing of diagrams; annotating maps; using binoculars or night vision equipment.
Unusual activities would include groups of people living in "compounds" who are set aside from normal social activities and who may gather with others on weekends for target practice, paintball activities, meetings. There are currently terrorist-affiliated groups here in the United States living in highly-protected compounds.
Strange People
* People acting suspiciously, furtively, are in an area for no reason, are nervous and always looking around while they are doing something else;
* People avoiding eye contact;
* People departing quickly when they are seen or approached;
* People in places they don't belong.
Strange Events
* Strong odor from a building or vehicle. Unusual odors like petroleum, acetone or acidic smells;
* Overloaded vehicle or vehicles, especially with very nervous drivers and passengers;
* Fluid leaking from a vehicle, other than the engine or gas tank.
Fraudulent or Counterfeit Identification
Using what appears to be counterfeit or fraudulent identification such as driver's License; Social Security card; passport (US or other); birth certificate; INS Identification.
If you believe someone has or is using false, altered or counterfeit identification, notify authorities. Keep in mind that you cannot request to see a person's identification when not appropriate. The authorities should be contacted to investigate.
Visitors
Terrorists generally will meet with their conspirators, if and when they are not acting alone. Visitors who
* Arrive and leave at unusual hours
* Avoid being noticed
* Act suspiciously
* Park an unusual distance from a meeting
* Large number of unrelated people who are living together and who disappear for periods of time;
* Tenants or guests using special knocks or signals in order to enter; towels, other articles, hand-signs, flash signals used as a signaling device.
Avoiding Social Contact - Acting with Paranoia
In general, terrorists or others involved in criminal acts want privacy and are focused on being left alone, not bothered by anyone except their co-conspirators.
While not all of these acts are those of terrorists, they are the types of behavior patterns that can be identifiers. They
* Won't let you into their apartment, condo or house without prior notice;
* Frequently change their locks, add additional locks;
* Keep certain rooms as "off limits";
* Cover tables and other pieces of furniture;
* Never allow maid service in their hotel room;
* Take room service only outside the door;
* Accept deliveries only at the hotel front desk or outside their hotel room door.
Large, unusual or high-risk deliveries
* Vehicle with hazardous material parked or driving in an inappropriate area;
* Unusual deliveries of chemicals or fertilizer;
* Unattended boxes or bags in public access areas;
* Fire extinguishers that appear to have been moved or tampered with;
* Unusual or unexpected mail;
Unusual Purchases or Thefts
* Uniforms and/or equipment used by police, security, public utility, mail carrier, airlines, delivery personnel;
* Explosives;
* Weapons;
* Ammunition;
* Propane bottles;
* Toxic chemicals;
* Chemicals and equipment;
* Vehicles that are able, or are tailored to contain or haul hazardous materials.
Unusual Discoveries
* Packages or containers found in unlikely or sensitive locations, such as near HVAC or air-intake systems;
* Powders, liquids, droplets, mists, clouds air-intake/HVAC systems;
* Tampering of high-security areas that are potential targets such as ventilation/ HVAC systems, food supplies, water supply;
* Suspicious people or activities in sensitive locations in or around a building.
* Surveillance of potential targets
* Theft or disappearance of chemical products and/or equipment.
* Dead animals, birds, fish or insects.
* Unusual and unexplained smells, especially those of toxic materials, poisons;
* Non-scheduled spraying or the discovery of spray devices or bottles.
IN THE EVENT OF A BOMB ATTACK
Taking Physical Action with a Homicide Bomber
If you can't escape from the bomber, and you have no other options available to you, there are certain physical actions that you can take - BUT THEY ARE VERY DANGEROUS AND LIFE-THREATENING! You should do this only if you have no other option.
It is extremely important to isolate their hands. Do not let them bring their hands near their body and especially their chest area. Threats will not work; talking to them will not work. They have to be physically stopped, and you can't restrain them by grabbing their bodies or you'll detonate the bomb. DO NOT TOUCH THEIR CHEST AREA!
Israelis are teaching the population how to deal with them. Physically attack them, if possible, from behind, grab their ankles from behind and pulling their feet out from under them or knocking them down to the floor so that they have to break the fall by using their hands. It may or may not work, but you have no choice.
This fall may stop them from detonating - if their chest does not touch the floor. If they hit the floor with their chest, they may detonate. Nothing is guaranteed.
If their arms are grabbed by more than one person, it may become necessary to break their arms or knock them unconscious.
You must remember, however, that you are taking a risk. You do not have the protection as a law enforcement officer; you may not have the skills to quickly determine if this person is a threat. You have to be absolutely sure that the person you are about to attack is a bomber, and not someone that looks and acts like a terrorist. You have to act lawfully, and you may not have the experience to determine the difference.
If you can, save lives. However, to do that, you have to put yourself at risk. Only you can make that decision.
Think it through BEFORE the situation occurs. Run the process through your mind. Train your people to do the same. We used to call it Psycho-Cybernetics or Patterning.
But also have to recognize that, in reality, you may change your mind when confronted with a situation. You may say right now you wouldn't do it, but you never know what you will do until you face that moment! Few people do.
DO NOT, EVER - NEVER NEVER EVER - touch the bomb or attempt to remove it. Evacuate the area. Get people out of there. Call the authorities.
Get away from glass and the wall (remember, 18 inches - from your fingertips to your elbow), and away from any doors.
England has vast experience with terrorists, and their security and intelligence services have published a lot of information. Based on the June, 2007 attacks, however, it appears that their political leaders appear fearful of offending anyone by categorizing or profiling the bombers.
If at Home and a Bomb Attack Occurs
Stay home. Don't venture out! Tune in to those TV and radio stations that you have determined to be reliable providers of news, so that you can determine the nature and extent of the bomb and evaluate what actions to take.
Remember, the news media is not always reporting the news, just their version of what they think is happening. So find yourself a news station that you and others consider to be reliable and not creating hysteria.
If a radioactive device is involved, prepare yourself according to published guidelines. If you do not have those guidelines, get them. Hopefully, with the hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars spent on terrorism, those agencies have them somewhere.
If you are within one mile of the bomb, assume that it is a radioactive device and shut all vents, turn off the air-conditioners, seal all windows and doors using the famous duct tape (now called erroneously "duck tape") and heavy plastic sheeting on windows and doors.
A radioactive type of attack is beyond the scope of this paper and may be included in a subsequent one.
DO NOT LEAVE your home, except under orders from authorities, if you are in the bombing zone or if your building is in danger of collapse.
Do you and everyone else a favor. Wait for a few hours as (1) there may be additional information forthcoming, and (2) the roads may be crowded and you are only adding to the problem of emergency response and your own frustration. You also want to avoid being part of the lemming crowd that is now exposed to a second attack.
If you are on a bus, train, subway or other public transportation
The safest spots are near the back, not near the front of the vehicle. Look for any packages that arouse your suspicions. If the hair on your neck goes up, you smell something that's not right, or the person arouses your suspicions, get off and find some other transportation. Pay attention to the Awareness portions of this paper.
Sit, don't stand. You are a bigger target standing.
If an explosion occurs, brace yourself. Remove eyeglasses, pens, pencils, anything sharp from your person, tuck your head between your knees and wait for the deceleration, forceful stop or derailment.
If you are injured, you are now or soon will be in shock. So force yourself to exit, to evacuate immediately. Expect a second blast to follow this one. It usually does. So get out, identify the location of help and head it that direction as quickly as possible before you drop.
If you are on foot
Hit the ground! Get flat, get low, hug the sidewalk or earth. Avoid debris and shrapnel. Find shelter and get behind it. As before, always expect a second bombing.
Before entering a building, find where the exits are and how to get out of there quickly. LOOK FOR ANYTHING SUSPICI0US, especially people or vehicles. If you are suspicious, DON'T GO INTO THE BUILDING. Remember, observe, record and report.
If you are in a building, get to an exit immediately. Then get out. Help those close at hand to get out. Get to shelter and protect yourself.
Get away from any structures that may collapse, either from this bomb attack or subsequent ones.
EAT NOTHING! DRINK ONLY BOTTLED SEALED WATER! You may have been exposed to radiation. Those in charge may be able to advise you further.
If Buried in Rubble
If a bomb detonates and you are buried in rubble and injured, and you can move your arms, elevate them above your heart, if at all possible. If not, move as little as possible. Don't kick and raise dust from the explosion.
Remain calm! Do not yell, as you have to breath air in and could inhale dust, particles and fumes. Tap on a solid object, make sounds by clapping.
Use a handkerchief - wet is even better. Better yet, carry some surgical masks with you.
Sources - References
1. http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/be_prepared.htm
2. http://www.pa-aware.org/resources/index.asp (Great site!)
3. CNN
4. MSNBC
5. The International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT)
6. The Manhattan Institute
7. Terror's Mask: Insurgency Within Islam - Michael Vlahos
8. Applied Physics Laboratory - Laurel MD 20723-6099
9. USMC - Tentative Manual for Countering Irregular Threats
10. An Updated Approach to Counterinsurgency Operations 07 June 2006
11. The al-Qaeda Manual - available through the FBI
12. CRS Report for Congress, Al Qaeda: Profile and Threat Assessment, 02/10/2005
13. Terrorism knowledge Base
14. Various al-Qaeda training manuals (focusing mainly on making bombs)
15. Federal Emergency Management Agency
16. National Counterterrorism Center
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